Black History Month.

[Bugman]

In honor of Black History Month, it seems like a good time to take a look at some of the heroes and martyrs of the civil rights movement. While this young man was not a part of that movement his brutal murder helped spark it, and he should be remembered.

Emmett Till.

Emmett Louis Till was born July 25, 1941, in Chicago. His mother Mamie Carthan was born in Web, Mississippi, in the Delta Region. In the summer of 1955 Mamie allowed Emmett to go to Mississippi to visit relatives.

On August 28, 1955, Emmett and a relative were visiting a small store in town and Emmett was supposedly flirting with Carolyn Bryant, a white woman. Bryant told her husband about this and that night Roy Bryant and his half-brother J. W. Milam abducted and brutally murdered Till, tied a fan from a cotton gin around his neck and threw the body into a river.

Warning! If you click this link, be aware there is a very graphic photograph of Till in his casket. His mother insisted on an open casket, as she wanted the world to see what had been done to her son.

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emmett_Till&printable=yes

 

[kis123]

Thank you for your research and the kickoff for Black History Month.

My hope this becomes the educational and tribute thread it has potential for and not beat into the ground by the haters. Or those who feel no particular race should celebrate themselves in the public, or that no special attention be paid to them.

But regardless who tries to ignore or minimize it, it doesn't change the achievements, inventions, discoveries, and contributions to society.

It's the shortest month of the year so it'll be over soon enough.

 

[Bugman]

Thank you for your research and the kickoff for Black History Month.

My hope this becomes the educational and tribute thread it has potential for and not beat into the ground by the haters. Or those who feel no particular race should celebrate themselves in the public, or that no special attention be paid to them.

But regardless who tries to ignore or minimize it, it doesn't change the achievements, inventions, discoveries, and contributions to society.

It's the shortest month of the year so it'll be over soon enough.

Thank you Kis, that is my hope also. These people and events need to be remembered. There is more to come.

While he wasn't part of the civil rights movement, there's someone I'd like to mention.

Charles Young.

Charles Young was born March 12, 1864 in Kentucky to Gabriel Young and Arminta Bruen - both slaves at the time. His father escaped into Ohio and won freedom for his family after enlisting in the Union army. Charles, after graduation from his town's all-white high school, spent some time teaching at a newly founded black high school. Then, in 1884, he entered the U.S. Military Academy - eventually becoming only its third black graduate, with the rank of second lieutenant.

Young would achieve several milestones during his military career (which was temporarily interrupted by a forced "retirement"): first black superintendent of a U.S. National Park, first black military attaché, first black to achieve the rank of colonel. He briefly served as post commander at Fort Huachuca in Arizona (1916-1917). Also, Young saw duty (both in and out of combat) in Mexico, Haiti, the Philippines and Liberia. He died from a kidney infection in 1922, during a mission to the latter country.

There's more (much more) to read here:
http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/cdyoung.htm

That is very intresting Dr., and fine for this thread. Thanks for your contribution.

 

[kis123]

While he wasn't part of the civil rights movement, there's someone I'd like to mention.

Charles Young.

Charles Young was born March 12, 1864 in Kentucky to Gabriel Young and Arminta Bruen - both slaves at the time. His father escaped into Ohio and won freedom for his family after enlisting in the Union army. Charles, after graduation from his town's all-white high school, spent some time teaching at a newly founded black high school. Then, in 1884, he entered the U.S. Military Academy - eventually becoming only its third black graduate, with the rank of second lieutenant.

Young would achieve several milestones during his military career (which was temporarily interrupted by a forced "retirement"): first black superintendent of a U.S. National Park, first black military attaché, first black to achieve the rank of colonel. He briefly served as post commander at Fort Huachuca in Arizona (1916-1917). Also, Young saw duty (both in and out of combat) in Mexico, Haiti, the Philippines and Liberia. He died from a kidney infection in 1922, during a mission to the latter country.

There's more (much more) to read here:
http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/cdyoung.htm

I learned about him when I was a little girl but not much information was around then. Good to see someone bring out the research to give him the honor and respect he was due.

 

[Bugman]

On October 24, 2005 civil rights icon Rosa Parks died in Detroit Michigan at age 92.

Born Rosa Louise McCauley in Tuskegee Alabama to James McCauley and Leona Edwards, a carpenter and a teacher. She was also of Cherokee-Creek and Scots-Irish ancestry. After her parents seperated she moved with her mother to Pine Level, just outside Montgomery Alabama. They lived on a farm with her maternal grandparents and younger brother Sylvester. Rosa was home schooled by her mother until age 11, then was enrolled in the Industrial School for Girls in Montgomery. After a short time at the Alabama State Teachers College for Negros she was forced to drop out to care for her grandmother and later her mother.

In 1932 Rosa married Raymond Parks, a barber in Montgomery and a member of the NAACP. At her husbands urging she finished her high school studies in 1933, when less then 7% of black Americans had a high school diploma. In December 1943 Rosa herself joined the NAACP, becoming the secretary of the chapter. In the mid 1940's she worked for a short time at Maxwell AFB and rode to work on an intregated trolley ."You might just say Maxwell opened my eyes up" Parks later said.

December 1, 1955.

After her work day at Montgomery Fair department store Rosa Parks boards a bus around 6 pm. for the ride home. She sat in an empty seat in the first row of the *colored* section. As the bus began to fill with white passangers bus drive James Blake demanded that Rosa and three other blacks give up their seats to the white men. After refusing to surrender her seat the police are summoned and Mrs. Parks is arrested. "People always say that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired, but that isn't true. I was not tired physically, or no more tired then I usually was at the end of a working day. I was not old, although some people have an image of me being old then. I was forty-two. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in."

On Sunday, December 4 plans for the Montgomery Bus Boycott are announced at black churchs around the city. An obscure Baptist minister, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is chosen to lead the boycott. The protest will last 382 days and bring the bus system to its knees.

In 1957 Raymond and Rosa Parks leave Montgomery, unable to find work. After a brief stint in Hampton Virginia they move to Detroit Mich. Rosa works as a seamstress until 1965 when she is hired by Congressman John Conyers and she will retire from that position in 1988.

On September 9 1996 President Clinton presents Mrs. Parks with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. She also recieved honorary doctorates from two dozen univesities worldwide. After her death the House of Representatives passed a resolution allowing her to lie in honor in the Capitol Rotundra, the 31st person to do so since 1852 when the pratice began. She was also the first woman, and the second African-American to lie in state there.

Note: I found some conflicting information about the boycott on different websites. If there are any errors here, they are on me.
__________________
Vegetarian: From the Sioux language, meaning lousy hunter.

 

[kis123]

Thank you Bugman!

I have another one for you.......

Remember the movie "Men of Honor" played by Cuba Gooding Jr. and Robert DeNiro? Here is the man this story was about:

Carl Brashear

naval officer; diver

Personal Information

Born January 19, 1931, in Tonieville, Kentucky, son of McDonald and Gonzella Brashear; married Junetta Wilcoxson in 1952, divorced in 1978; married to Hattie Elam in 1980, divorced in 1983; married Jeanette Brundage in 1985, divorced in 1987; children, Shazanta (deceased), DeWayne, Patrick and Phillip.
Education: Charles County Community college, Maryland; Tidewater Community College, Virginia.
Military/Wartime Service: U.S. Navy.

You will find the rest of his story here:

http://www.answers.com/topic/carl-brashear

 

[General Zod]

George Washington Carver.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Carver

761st tank battalion.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/761st_Tank_Battalion_(United_States)

 

[Bugman]

Murder in Mississippi.​

Andrew Goodman.

Goodman was born November 3, 1943 and grew up on the Upper West Side of New York City. Enrolled in an Honors Program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, he left school after a bout with pneumonia and later enrolled at Queens College in New York, where he was a classmate and friend of singer Paul Simon. In 1964 he signed up for the Summer of Freedom, a project sponsored by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). One of their goals was to encourage blacks in the southern states to register to vote.

Michael "Mickey" Schwerner.

Born November 6, 1939 in Pelham, New York. He attended Michigan State University intending to become a veterinarian. Later he would transfer to Cornell and changed his major to sociology, then entered the School of Social Work at Columbia. A member of CORE for several years he also signed up for the Summer of Freedom campaign.

James Earl "J.E." Chaney.

Chaney was born May 30, 1943 in Meridian, Mississippi. After being suspended from school for wearing an NAACP badge he goes to work for his father as an apprentice plasterer. James had been active in the early years of the modern civil rights movement for some time.

June 21, 1964.​

Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner travel from the CORE field office in Meridian to Philadelphia, Neshoba county to investigate the burning of Mt. Zion Methodist Church. On the return trip they are stopped and arrested by Deputy Sheriff Cecil Price for speeding. Chaney is fined $20 for speeding and the men are released. They will be forced off the road by two carloads of KKK members who approach the car and shoot Goodman and Schwerner. Chaney is the last to die, supposedly after being beaten with chains. They are then buried in an earthen dam.

The F.B.I. is sent to Mississippi by Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, and seven men including Cecil Price are convicted of civil rights violations but not murder.

Jerry Mitchell, an award-winning investigative report for the Jackson Clarion-Ledger had been writing about the case for years. He found new evidence and new witnesses, pressuring the state to take action. On June 21, 41 years to the day of the murders Edgar Ray Killen is convicted of three counts of manslaughter and sentenced to 60 years in prison.

 

[kis123]

Benjamin S. "Ben" Carson, Sr., M.D. (born September 18, 1951) is an American neurosurgeon and the Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States by President George W. Bush in 2008.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson

 

[Bugman]

Benjamin S. "Ben" Carson, Sr., M.D. (born September 18, 1951) is an American neurosurgeon and the Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States by President George W. Bush in 2008.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson

Thanks Kis. The positive needs to be remembered as well as the negative. I have a few ideas I'm working on I think you will be intrested in. 🙂

 

[texastickler]

http://www.infoplease.com/t/hist/aint-i-a-woman/

http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/trut-soj.htm

The first one is a speech. The second is a bio. This was one strong woman.

 

[usgrant]

It really pisses me off they made it on the shortest month, February, seems racist.

 

[kis123]

It really pisses me off they made it on the shortest month, February, seems racist.

I've always felt the same way, even though I have no proof. So I'm just glad the month still exists and celebrate accordingly by remembering those who placed a mark on history in both the good and bad times in this country.

Twenty more days to go and it'll all be over with....

 

[Bugman]

On May 7, 1954, the Supreme Court hands down its landmark ruling on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. Lead by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the vote is 9-0 and ends the practice of "separate but equal" schools for Americans of African ancestry.

http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/

 

[kis123]

On May 7, 1954, the Supreme Court hands down its landmark ruling on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. Lead by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the vote is 9-0 and ends the practice of "separate but equal" schools for Americans of African ancestry.

http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/

Thank you Bugman.........

And here's a famous gentleman for you sports fans:

Jackie Robinson

http://www.jackierobinson.com/about/bio.html

 

[kis123]

And for those who are lovers of law and justice......

Thurgood Marshall

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall

 

[Tickle Fiend]

COINTELPRO

THE FBI'S COVERT ACTION PROGRAM TO DESTROY THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY

http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIc.htm

DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., CASE STUDY

http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIb.htm

 

[Bugman]

Thank you Bugman.........

And here's a famous gentleman for you sports fans:

Jackie Robinson

http://www.jackierobinson.com/about/bio.html

It so happens Jackies amazing story was to be the subject of my next post. However I also have someone else in mind so I'll go with that. 🙂 I also meant to say his story trancendes the world of sports. He helped change this country for the better.

 

[Bugman]

James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens.

Born September 12, 1913 in Oakville Alabama, the family moved to Cleveland Ohio when Jesse was nine years old. Enrolled at Ohio State University, Jesse set a number of NCAA records which would stand for many years.

He is best remembered for his triumph at the Summer Olympic Games in Berlin Germany in 1936, becoming the first American to win four gold medals at a single Olympics. An infuriated Adolf Hitler reportedly stormed out of the stadium, his dream of demonstrating "Aryan superiority" in shambles.

Jesse Owens died May 3, 1980 in Tucson Arizona.

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ni-Pe/Owens-Jesse.html

 

[kis123]

THE FBI'S COVERT ACTION PROGRAM TO DESTROY THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY

http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIc.htm

DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., CASE STUDY

http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIb.htm

Thank you.

This is really good reading; too bad it needs a microscope to read it!

I'll be working on this over the weekend......I'm impressed.

Good stuff!

 

[kis123]

James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens.

Born September 12, 1913 in Oakville Alabama, the family moved to Cleveland Ohio when Jesse was nine years old. Enrolled at Ohio State University, Jesse set a number of NCAA records which would stand for many years.

He is best remembered for his triumph at the Summer Olympic Games in Berlin Germany in 1936, becoming the first American to win four gold medals at a single Olympics. An infuriated Adolf Hitler reportedly stormed out of the stadium, his dream of demonstrating "Aryan superiority" in shambles.

Jesse Owens died May 3, 1980 in Tucson Arizona.

http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ni-Pe/Owens-Jesse.html

Okay, so how did I miss Jesse Owens?

I'm just a tad embarrassed, but I have something that might make up for this faux pas......

http://www.negroleaguebaseball.com/

 

[Bugman]

Okay, so how did I miss Jesse Owens?

I'm just a tad embarrassed, but I have something that might make up for this faux pas......

http://www.negroleaguebaseball.com/

The story of the Negro Leagues is fascinating. These men endured so much, because the wanted to play the game they loved. It was a sad day in Kansas City when Buck O'Neil left us. I was living there then. Even for non baseball fans the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum in Kansas City Missouri is worth a visit.

http://www.nlbm.com/

 

[WorkInProgress]

Before there could be a 1954 Brown case, asking the Supreme court to reverse the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision that "separate but equal" was all right, the NAACP had to work up to it. This went through a couple of phases. First came the equalization suits, calling up the federal courts to require school facilities that were separate to be truly equal, in order (among other things) to make segregation as expensive as possible for the states that practiced it. Then came the "separate is not equal in this particular instance" cases, notably Sweatt v. Painter in 1950. Cases pecking away at the edges of the Plessy doctrine laid the groundwork for Brown, which would declare that separate is not equal at all.

With all that in mind, an important case on the road to Brown was the 1938 case in which the Court ruled that any academic program that a state offered to whites had to have an equivalent for blacks, that it was not all right for the state of Missouri to run a law school for whites while merely giving black law students vouchers to go to segregated public law schools in other states; that Missouri would have to either let black students into its law school or create a separate black law school. The 1938 case of which I speak was Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada (Canada was a person's name, not the country), and the young man involved was Lloyd Lionel Gaines.

It appears that Lloyd Gaines is one of the soldiers who gave his life for the cause. After his victory with the Supreme Court, when there was more to the case that he and his NAACP lawyers intended to pursue to challenge the equality of the separate law school being created in Missouri, Gaines told housemates in Chicago one evening that he was going out to buy stamps. He was never seen again. Even the early-20th-century courtroom stage of civil rights history has its martyrs, its fallen heroes.

 

[Dave Pavet]

"One of the only good things about segregation... shorter lines to the water fountains." Originally posted by who? _________

 

[SamuelKhan]

The man who conceived rock n roll along with some country artists (Hank Williams)

Died in 1938...way too young. His DNA can be found in Led Zeppelin's music. In everyone's music.

Could play guitar like taking a piss and could sing his fuckin ass off.